These patients, on average, were younger, sicker (higher ASA physical status), and more likely to have lower hematocrit and albumin, to have higher blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and bilirubin, to have myocardial infraction, diabetes, cardio shock, congestive heart failure, dysrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation as compared to the remaining 17,638 cardiac surgical patients who were not analyzed (absolute standardized difference ≥0.20; Appendix S4). This evidence concerns the gene ALB and congestive heart failure.