HCMV infection induces pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in inflammatory cells, with production of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-α/β, IFN-γ and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is cytomegalovirus infection.