From these results, Schulman hypothesized that salicylates might prevent lipid-induced activation of the serine kinase cascade involving IKK-β [3]: serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 by activated IKK-β will decrease the ability of IRS-1 to activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), an important mediator of insulin signaling and action, thus leading to insulin resistance. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.