As colitis globally affects proteasome activity in gastrointestinal as well as non-gastrointestinal tissues [56], higher chymotrypsin-like activity of proteasome is likely to be observed in intestine in untreated experimental animals, which is supported by and correlated with the decreased IκBα levels and higher TNF-α levels in the intestine (Fig. 2 and 4). Here, TNF is linked to colitis.