Compared to NC there was a significant reduction in HDAC2 positive cells in the lamina propria in COPD-CS [median (range); NC, 2341.2 per mm2 (1213.1 per mm2–4797.1 per mm2) versus COPD-CS, 1894.2 per mm2 (550.5 per mm2–2997.2 per mm2) p<0.03]. The gene discussed is HDAC2; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.