Pneumonia increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein content and lung wet weight compared to non-infected controls (p<0.05, figure 1C+D), accompanied by an enhanced pulmonary cell- and neutrophil influx (p<0.05, figure 1B), increased BALF levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and CINC3 (p<0.05 for all, figure 1E–H) in addition to lung histopathological abnormalities (p<0.05, figure 2). Here, TNF is linked to susceptibility to pneumonia measurement.