Additionally, the effect of LGI1 expression on increasing AKT (protein kinase B) signalling, reducing ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) signalling, and reducing matrix metalloproteinase expression in glioma and other cells in culture (Kunapuli et al., 2004; Sirerol-Piquer et al., 2006; Kunapuli et al., 2010) may provide clues about its function in vivo. Here, AKT1 is linked to glioma.