Our data revealed that 72 hours after incubation of PBMCs with D2 M2 in RA, the levels of TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-6 significantly decreased compared with anti-CD3/CD28 group (P < 0.05; Table 5; Figures 2, 3, and 4) and the level of IL-4 in D2/M2 group significantly increased compared with Anti-CD3/CD28 group (P < 0.05; Table 5; Figure 7). Here, CD28 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.