ERVW-1 and infection: In contrast to the reports by Bhattacharya [198,206], Chan et al. [207] found that Cys to Ser and Cys to Ala mutations had no significant effect on Env expression, trafficking, interaction with lipid rafts and incorporation into virions, or on the fusion efficiency or infectivity in single-cycle infections, despite decreased palmytoylation of Env [207].