LPS binding to TLR4 recruits intracellular adaptor proteins which leads to the activation of pro-inflammatory kinases associated with insulin resistance, including the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) [c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 and extracellular-signal related kinase (ERK)], and the I kappa B kinase (IKK) complex. Here, TLR4 is linked to Insulin resistance.