Genes whose expression level is known to be increased in IBD were increased in the colon epithelium of Il10−/− mice at 12 weeks of age, including: cytokine and cytokine receptor genes (Ifn-γ, Ltβ, Il6, Il16, Il18r1), and chemokine and chemokine receptor genes (chemokine (C-C motif) receptor (Ccr)-2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (Ccl)-2, 3, 4, 5, 17, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (Cxcr)-3, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (Cxcl)-1, 5, 10). Here, IL16 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.