HMGB1, a member of the damage associated molecular patterns family (DAMPs) that is actively secreted or passively released from necrotic or injured cells [11], has been shown to be an important inflammatory mediator in several experimental models of acute lung injury [11]–[13] and has been detected in the alveolar milieu of patients with lung injury [41], [42]. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and injury.