Recent findings from our lab and others suggest that the RAS, in addition to inducing neurohumoral excitation, also increases the production of proinflammatory cytokines (PICs), such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), in brain cardiovascular regulatory centers, and has been shown to contribute to the neurogenic component of hypertension, both through direct actions and through modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways [13]–[16]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Hypertension.