Insulin resistance in skeletal muscles is associated with abnormalities in fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in PCOS patients is associated with reduced gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator α (PGC-1α) and sirtuins (SIRT) 1 and 3 [6, 7]. The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.