Since then, the proinflammatory roles of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of many diseases have been reported, including acute lung inflammation [48], atherosclerosis and restenosis after vascular damage [49], severe acute pancreatitis [50], rheumatoid arthritis [51], pulmonary fibrosis [52], stroke [53], Kawasaki disease [54], cold ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammation [55], liver fibrosis [56], systemic inflammatory response syndrome [57, 58], febrile seizures [59], hyperlipidemia [60], preeclampsia [61], and acute-on-chronic liver failure [62]. Here, HMGB1 is linked to pulmonary fibrosis.