In addition to neutralizing antibody therapy, an HMGB1 absorption column (polymyxin B-immobilized fibers) has been developed and clinically applied for the removal of circulating HMGB1 in patients with septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with acute exacerbation [84–90]. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome.