In conclusion our data show that IL-13 production is lower in the lamina propria of ACD patients, compared to GFD and in particular RCDII patients, suggesting that the immune responses in ACD and RCDII are differently regulated and that IL-13 may play a role as a proinflammatory cytokine in the pathogenesis of RCDII. This evidence concerns the gene IL13 and granular corneal dystrophy type II.