Whereas total counts of CD8+ T cells expressing only CD38 began contracting as soon as HAART was initiated (Figure 3A, B), CD8+ T cells expressing CD38 and HLADR exhibited a delayed decrease, mainly in the TB IRIS group, resulting in significant differences between groups at weeks 8 and 12 (p = 0.025 and p = 0.028, respectively), and coinciding with TB IRIS onset (Figure 3C). Here, CD38 is linked to tuberculosis.