As the Chinese Han population is by far the population with the largest number in the world, we comprehensively analysized in this study the associations between RTEL1 genotypes and haplotypes with glioma risk, to uncover how germ-line genetic variants of the RTEL1 gene play a complex role in the development of glioma, to offer important insights into the etiology of glioma in the certain Chinese Han population. This evidence concerns the gene RTEL1 and central nervous system cancer.