REN and diastolic heart failure: Although there do not appear to be any published studies that report a precise prevalence rate of diastolic heart failure in PD patients, a higher prevalence of LV diastolic heart failure in ESRD patients than in the general population is expected in light of the occurrence of inflammation, fluid overload, hypertension, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, and LV hypertrophy [4], [22].