VEGFA and major depressive disorder: In fact, the only indication of a possible reduction of VEGF levels in relation to depression comes from reports showing that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) VEGF levels were lower in medication-free suicide attempters compared to healthy controls and that low CSF VEGF levels were negatively correlated with depression severity (Isung et al., 2012a), and more pronounced among those individuals who later completed suicide (Isung et al., 2012b).