In contrast to IL-16 (14), the regulation of IL-6 or IL-8 by TGF-β1 plus LM-111 did not significantly differ between RA-SF and OA-SF (not shown), suggesting that this mode of regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 is not a specific feature of RA. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.