ESR1 and breast cancer: Although this model is based on a hepatic carcinoma in vivo model, this interesting finding, of TLR activation pathway seemed to be protective in the presence of estrogen receptor (particularly ERα) which raises the question of whether there is a protective role for estradiol in women with breast cancer that would be lost in chemical/physiological menopause, that is mediated through TLRs and tumor-associated macrophages.