One study in 2 European countries found higher plasma apoE concentrations in VLDL+LDL of myocardial infarction survivors relative to controls who did not survive a coronary event.28 In our study, when we exclude the variation in apoB levels by normalizing apoE to the apoB content per particle, apoE was clearly protective in both VLDL and LDL. The gene discussed is APOB; the disease is myocardial infarction.