After controlling for confounding variables (including age, gender, BMI, FBG, HbA1c, and age at diagnosis of DM), logistic regression analysis demonstrated that HLA-DQA1*0301 and HLA-DQA1*0501 alleles remained significantly associated with T2DM (OR = 1.965, P < 0.01; OR = 2.137, P < 0.01, resp). The gene discussed is HLA-DQA1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.