HLA-DQA1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Significant differences were detected between patients with T2DM and controls in the frequencies of the HLA-DQA1*0301 (15.5% versus 8.0%, χ2 = 7.182,  P < 0.01) and HLA-DQA1*0501 alleles (16.6% versus 8.5%, χ2 = 7.967, P < 0.01).