After controlling for confounding variables (including age, gender, BMI, FBG, HbA1c, and age at diagnosis of DM), logistic regression analysis demonstrated that HLA-DQA1*0301 and HLA-DQA1*0501 alleles remained significantly associated with T2DM (OR = 1.965, P < 0.01; OR = 2.137, P < 0.01, resp). This evidence concerns the gene HLA-DQA1 and diabetes mellitus.