The frequencies of the HLA-DQA1*0301 and HLA-DQA1*0501 alleles in T2DM group were 15.5% and 16.6%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in normal group (approximately 8%); logistic regression analysis revealed that HLA-DQA1*0301 and HLA-DQA1*0501 alleles were nominally associated with susceptibility to T2DM. The gene discussed is HLA-DQA1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.