Since increased TLR expression does not occur on monocytes in healthy elderly individuals [6], while increased expression of TLR2 and TLR4 has been reported in PBMCs from patients with late-onset AD [65], the data may suggest a role for increased TLR expression in progression from the mildest manifestation of episodic memory loss to more profound cognitive decline. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is Alzheimer disease.