However, in a study looking at the association between prostate cancer and diet, it was found that long-term exposure to a diet high in refined carbohydrates (i.e. one which elicits a high insulin response and reduced IGF-1 levels) did not decrease prostate cancer incidence as one would have expected, suggesting that other biological mechanisms may potentially be at work 47. The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is prostate cancer.