For example, BMP3 inactivation is associated with colorectal cancer [33], gastric cancer [34], and pancreatic cancer [35]; CDH3 is over-expressed in several types of cancer including breast [36] and pancreatic [37]; FGF3 is amplified in ovarian [38], breast [39], and bladder cancer [40]; FGF12 is amplified in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [41] and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung [42], and GATA1 mutations have recently been associated with acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia [43] and breast cancer [44]. This evidence concerns the gene CDH3 and urinary bladder cancer.