In preliminary experiments, we observed that addition of some TLR ligands (TLR7/8 and TLR9) increased IL-10 mRNA levels in DCs similar to viral infection (data not shown), thus it is possible that NDV infection activated ERK pathway through stimulation of the specific pattern recognition receptor(s), such as TLR7/8 and 9. The gene discussed is MAPK1; the disease is viral infectious disease.