Notably, however, in this experiment, IT vehicle did not increase BAL fluid cytokines in mice with AKI; BAL fluid IL-6, CXCL1, TNF- α, and IL-1β were all significantly increased in IT vehicle plus IP endotoxin, or IT vehicle plus IT endotoxin, versus IT vehicle plus AKI (Figure 7). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and acute kidney injury.