In human cancer cells, miR-7 has been postulated to have an oncogene [89],[90] or a tumour suppressor functions [91]–[96] that may reflect the participation of the microRNA in distinct pathways, due to the regulation of discrete target genes in different cell types, such as Fos[97] in mouse, and Pak1[91], IRS-2[92], EGFR[92],[93], Raf-1[93], α-synuclein[98], CD98[99], IGFR1[94], bcl-2[100], PI3K/AKT [101],[102], and YY1[103] in humans. The gene discussed is RAF1; the disease is cancer.