Despite recent successes with molecular targeted therapies for chronic myelogenous leukaemia, ER- or Her2-positive breast cancer, and EGFR-mutated lung cancer, targeted therapies for EOC have not been as encouraging (Quintas-Cardama et al, 2009; Rosell et al, 2010; Yaziji et al, 2004). The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is breast cancer.