NLRC4 and infection: NLRC4 (formerly known as IPAF, Card12) has been shown to form an inflammasome upon infection of macrophages with various gram-negative bacteria such as Salmonella typhimurium (Mariathasan et al, 2004), Legionella pneumophila (Zamboni et al, 2006), Shigella flexneri (Suzuki et al, 2007) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Miao et al, 2008).