CXCL1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) biopsy specimens have high intratumoral concentrations of CXCR2 ligands (CXCL1, CXCL5, and CXCL8) and type 2 cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 [12,13].