NFKB1 and bacterial infectious disease: Interestingly, using murine macrophages it was shown that TLR-2 mRNA may be induced after bacterial infection with the involvement of several cytokines, including IL-1 α, and GM-CSF, but that NF-kB is necessary for maximal TLR-2 transcription [48], further underlining the tight connections between NF-kB and TLR-2.