Patients with presence of histologic NASH as compared to those NAFLD patients without NASH showed a significant differential expression of chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 3 (CCR3), chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9 (CCR9), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), interleukin 8 receptor α (IL8RA), and interleukin 9 (IL9) (P ≤ 0.05) (Table 2). Here, IL9 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.