CCR5 and HIV infectious disease: More recently, the chemokine receptor CCR5 and its ligands (CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis [11], and a relatively common mutation with a corresponding lack of function (CCR5 Δ32) confers relative resistance to HIV infection [12] and a reduction in susceptibility to coronary artery disease [13].