After controlling for age, sex, race, CD4 and VL at HAART initiation, prior AIDS, Hepatitis B and C, prior ARV usage and regimen, the 12-year survival rates between the cohorts decreased from a 21.5% crude difference (NHS–91.5%; HAVACS–70.0%) to a 1.6% adjusted difference (NHS–98.7%; HAVACS–97.1%) (Figure 2). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and hepatitis B virus infection.