CAR bypasses many of the mechanisms through which tumor cells escape immunorecognition, e.g., down-regulation of MHC and costimulatory molecules, induction of suppressive cytokine and regulatory T cells, etc. Recent studies have generated some encouraging preclinical and clinical data regarding the CAR-mediated adoptive immunotherapy in a variety of cancers including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, neuroblastoma and melanoma [3-5]. The gene discussed is HLA-C; the disease is cancer.