In a screening study among 12,000 subjects in Ukraine with doses estimated from individual measurements of thyroid radioactivity, significant associations were found between 131I thyroid dose (mean dose of 0.79 Gy) and prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (Ostroumova et al. 2009) and antibodies to thyroperoxidase (ATPO) (Tronko et al. 2006a), but not autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) (Tronko et al. 2006a) or hyperthyroidism (Hatch et al. 2010). The gene discussed is ATP5PO; the disease is hyperthyroidism.