PRKN and Parkinson disease: In this study, we screened 237 patients with sporadic PD and 190 controls for the 9 variants, E46K (rs104893875), G2385R (rs34778348), A1442P, IVS9, A350V, R702W (rs2066844), G908R (rs2066845), 1007fs (rs2066847) and P268S (rs2066842), in 5 genes which are possibly found to be associated with Chinese PD patients, including SNCA, LRRK2, PARK2, SLC41A1, and NOD2. These variants included both rare mutations (e.g. E46K and A1442P) and SNPs, so we also screened them in a pedigree with two PD cases.