It had been reported that poliovirus infection induces cleavage of the MDA5 protein, whereas infection with echovirus 1 or rhinovirus 16 does not, and that the MDA5 cleavage is concurred with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, a hallmark of apoptosis [40]. The gene discussed is IFIH1; the disease is infection.