Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), a chemokine known to express in stromal tissues in multiple organs, promotes β-cell survival in RIP-SDF-1 transgenic mice and MIN-6 and INS-1 clonal beta-cells by the activation of Akt signaling pathway and attenuates diabetes in streptozotocin (STZ) induced mice [22]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and diabetes mellitus.