Concerning the state in which a dopaminergic neuron perceives IL-1β signaling, it is important to notice that during neuronal cell loss in PD, and also in prion and AD models, the surrounding microglial cells are activated to a particular state defined as “primed” or “atypical” (Perry et al., 2002; Depino et al., 2003; Cunningham et al., 2005; Pott Godoy et al., 2008). This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and Alzheimer disease.