Whereas the frequencies of two alleles were associated with the protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis, namely HLA-DR2 (OR = 0.15; 95%CI = 0.05 – 0.38; P = 0.0000018) and HLA-DPB1*0401 (OR = 0.37; 95%CI = 0.21 – 0.67; P = 0.0004), two others were associated with increased susceptibility: HLA-DRB1*0407 (OR = 2.14; 95%CI = 1.34 – 3.40; P = 0.001) and HLA-DPA1*0401 (OR = 10.77; 95%CI = 1.25 – 80.73; P = 0.003) [20]. Here, HLA-DPA1 is linked to cutaneous leishmaniasis.