AKT1 and osteosarcoma: In murine osteosarcoma cell lines, bisphosphonates inhibited Ras/PI3K/Akt and Ras/MEK/ERK expression, which produced decreased cell migration, invasion, and adhesion to the extracellular matrix, as well as decreased mRNA expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (Tsubaki et al., 2012).