HDGFL2 and malaria: After subtraction of patients who were on anti-malaria drugs prior to sampling, specificities in controls (n = 55) and HAT (n = 50) for the different RDTs ranged between 78.2–100% and 12.0–100% respectively, and remained significantly lower in HAT patients compared to controls for three out of five three-band RDT products incorporating HRP-2 test lines (SD Malaria Antigen, ICT Malaria Combo Cassette Test, Carestart Malaria HRP2/pLDH (Pf/Pan) Combo Test).