Our studies showed that levels of IL-1, IL-10, MCP-1, TNF-α and IFN-γ following H1N1/144+177 infection were significantly higher compared with H1N1/WT virus, and H1N1/144 and H1N1/177 did not induce all of these cytokine up-regulation but two or three. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.