Two major receptor systems sense the presence of viral infection to mount an immune response: toll-like receptors (TLRs) 3, 7, 8, and 9 are major PRRs that respond to different types of viral nucleic acids, and more recently, retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), helicases including RIG-I and MDA-5 (melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5), have been identified as cytosolic receptors for intracellular dsRNA sensing [1], [2]. This evidence concerns the gene IFIH1 and viral infectious disease.