PPARA and fatty liver disease: Consistent with a microarray analysis [38], LA has been reported to increase mRNA level of PPARα [14], and as a consequence, up-regulate the gene expression of several enzymes and proteins involved in mitochondrial β-oxidation especially long-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCAD) [14], a key enzymes necessary for regulation of mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids and for the development of hepatic steatosis [14].