Moreover, a previous in vitro study demonstrated that CD4+ T-cell incubation with statins reduced the level of CCR5 expression in these cells isolated from HIV negative individuals, while it increased the secretion of its natural ligand, RANTES (CCL5), thereby inhibiting HIV-1 infection by R5 tropic strains but no by X4 strains [25]. Here, CCL5 is linked to HIV-1 infection.